Novel approaches to purifying bacteriocin: A review

ABSTRACT

Bacteriocin is a proteinaceous biomolecule produced by bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) that exhibits antimicrobial activity against closely related species, and food-borne pathogens. It has recently gained importance and attracted the attention of several researchers looking to produce it from various substrates and bacterial strains. This ushers in a new era of food preservation where the use of bacteriocin in food products will be an alternative to chemical preservatives, and heat treatment which are understood to cause unwanted side effects, and reduce sensory and nutritional quality. However, this new market depends on the success of novel downstream separation schemes from various types of crude feedstocks which are both effective and economic. This review focuses on the downstream separation of bacteriocin from various sources using both conventional and novel techniques. Finally, recommendations for future interesting areas of research that need to be pursued are highlighted.     

不同降雨入渗条件下预应力锚索加固边坡稳定性分析

为了研究不同降雨条件下边坡安全系数及预应力锚索轴力变化规律,以省道S303沿线某边坡为研究对象,考虑土体饱和-非饱和渗流与非饱和强度理论,基于有限元分析,对不同降雨工况下的孔隙水压分布、锚索轴力及采用强度折减法计算的边坡安全系数变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: 降雨量一定时,降雨入渗范围随雨强增大而减小,暂态饱和区域随雨强增加而增大; 边坡在加固前后的安全系数均随降雨量增加而不断减小,采用预应力锚索加固能有效提高边坡安全系数,并减小降雨对边坡稳定性的影响; 随着降雨量增加,各锚索轴力均增大,当降雨量一定时,雨强越小,对应的锚索轴力提升幅度越大,靠近底部的锚索轴力对降雨最为敏感。     

基于危险源的水利工程施工全过程安全管理研究

水利工程的特殊性,决定了其在安全管理构建中更加注重全过程管理机制的构建,以及危险源下的精准安全管控。在传统安全管理模式之下,水利工程安全管理盲点多、效率低,不利于全过程安全管理的高效实施。文章立足水利工程的危险辨识,分析了水利工程危险源全过程安全管理中的问题,并在此基础之上,从强化危险源精准辨识、构建危险源动态管理机制、优化危险源评价工作、加快危险源信息库建设等方面,具体论述了危险源下水利工程全过程安全管理措施。     

Twenty-five years of total antioxidant capacity measurement of foods and biological fluids: merits and limitations

This review summarises 25 years of investigations on antioxidants research in foods and biological fluids and critically analyses the merits and limitations of using the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurement in the metabolomic era. An enormous bulk of knowledge was produced regarding the antioxidant capacity of foods and large TAC databases were developed. A direct link between a food TAC value and any health benefit is erroneous and has led to several cases of consumer deception. However, the striking epidemiological evidence associating a high dietary TAC with some disease prevention and the availability of well-constructed TAC databases deserve attention and must be taken into account to establish the usefulness of measuring TAC in both foods and biological samples. The in vivo TAC measurement, usually performed in plasma, is influenced by many external factors, such as dietary habits, as well as environmental and behavioural factors, which are integrated towards homeostatic control by fine physiological mechanisms with high inter-individual variability. Therefore, plasma TAC cannot be considered as a unique biomarker of individual antioxidant status. However, the combined evaluation of plasma TAC with known markers of disease, individual metabolism, inflammation and genetics, as well as with markers of gut microbiota composition and activity, may lead to the identification of populations that are more responsive to food/diet TAC. In this framework, the appropriate use of TAC measurement both in food and in vivo can still provide support for the interpretation of complex phenomena and be a tool for sample screening when making a quick decision toward in-depth research investigations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

火灾条件下拱顶油罐弱连接结构的失效分析

拱顶油罐受外部火焰烘烤发生失效爆炸，易造成严重人员伤亡和巨大经济损失。为对火灾条件下拱顶油罐的失效爆炸进行预警，通过高温材料力学性能实验平台对拱顶油罐弱连接结构进行破坏测试，得出不同火灾温度条件下弱连接结构失效的拉断力和应力值。实验结果表明，当温度高于300℃时，拉断力和失效应力值变化显著，其中450℃为变化峰值温度。在此基础上，构建了拱顶油罐失效压力计算模型，推导出了不同容积拱顶油罐在不同火灾温度下的失效压力。所得结果可作为拱顶油罐失效的判定依据，为油罐的爆炸预警提供数据支撑。     

Coenzyme Q10 supplementation: Efficacy,safety, and formulation challenges

World population growth and aging are posing unprecedented challenges in sustaining the health of 9.1 billion people that will be occupying the planet by 2050. Although noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes are among the top 10 global causes of death, they can be prevented by risk factor reduction, early detection, and adequate treatment. Since a healthy diet along with dietary supplementation could play an important role to reduce morbidity and cut off its associated health care costs, research in the food and nutrition area is required to find solutions to global challenges affecting health. As a result of the healthy living trend, dietary supplements category is growing fast, leading to an urgent need for dietitians, physicians, and policy makers to broaden the scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of a wide range of active ingredients. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as the third most consumed dietary supplement, and as a potential candidate for the treatment of various noncommunicable diseases that are among the global top 10 causes of death, has gained interest over years. Scientific evidence regarding mainly CoQ10 efficacy and safety, as well as formulation challenges, is addressed in this review.     

某铀矿床竖向分区安全稳定性研究

通过对某矿床开采技术条件和矿体赋存特征分析研究,采用3DMine软件平台建立三维数字化矿体模型,确定上、下2个采区的最佳分界线标高为850 m,确定上部采区竖向开采范围为990~850 m,下部采区竖向开采范围为850~670 m。以矿床36号剖面勘探线为例,采用K.B.鲁别涅依他等人的公式对上、下采区间水平岩柱的临界厚度进行计算,得出上、下采区同时开采的安全间距为42 m。采用UDEC软件对矿床36号剖面水平岩柱稳定性进行数值模拟,水平岩柱在垂直方向上的最大位移为4.62 cm,对水平岩柱的整体稳定性没有影响。分区方案留设的水平岩柱可以保证上、下采区同时安全开采。     

煤层顶板裂隙高位定向长钻孔安全高效抽采技术的研究与应用

放顶煤开采期间，上覆岩层受到矿压的影响，形成冒落带、裂隙带、弯曲下沉带，工作面采空区遗煤和围岩涌出的大量瓦斯飘浮在上方裂隙带区域，造成瓦斯聚集并向外涌出，形成了安全隐患，因此必须将该区域瓦斯抽出来；以往治理采空区瓦斯主要采用顶板裂隙高位钻场、顶板高抽巷等措施，但是这2种方法施工成本较高，且施工周期长，对生产接替影响较大。煤层顶板裂隙高位定向长钻孔安全高效抽采采用大功率钻机+定向钻进技术，在裂隙带施工控制整个回采范围的长钻孔，减少采空区和邻近层瓦斯向工作面空间的流动，真正实现了“以孔代巷”，既节省了成本，又缩短了工期，还提高了采空区瓦斯抽采的连续性、稳定性，减少了采空区瓦斯向外涌出，提升了瓦斯抽采效果，促进了煤矿安全高效发展。     

基于综合赋权与集对分析的煤炭企业安全评价

安全评价是发现系统风险,提高生产安全性的有效手段。运用集对分析理论对煤炭企业生产安全性进行分析与评价。根据SHEL模型,结合煤炭企业实际对生产中的风险因素进行分析,确定了煤炭企业安全评价指标体系;将熵权法与超标倍数赋权法相组合来确定各评价指标的综合权重,基于集对分析理论构建了煤炭企业安全评价模型。将构建的指标体系和评价模型在平煤集团5个生产矿井进行了应用,结果显示,利用集对分析得到的评价结果与实际情况基本吻合。